Mosteiro dos Jerónimos was begun in 1501 on the orders of King Manuel I, on the spot where Vasco da Gama and his crew had spent their last night ashore before sailing to India in 1497. It was paid for in pepper. The Portuguese crown levied a 5% tax on the spices arriving from the East, and that revenue funded the most ambitious building project of the Portuguese Renaissance.
The architecture is Manueline — a uniquely Portuguese late-Gothic style that fuses ribbed vaults and pointed arches with rope, knot, coral, and astrolabe motifs carved into the stone. Diogo Boitac began it; João de Castilho finished the cloister and the church's south portal. The cloister itself is the building's masterpiece: a two-storey square of carved limestone where every column is different.
Inside the church, two tombs sit in the porch on either side of the western entrance. On the left lies Vasco da Gama, the navigator who opened the sea route to India. On the right lies Luís Vaz de Camões, the poet whose Os Lusíadas turned that voyage into Portugal's national epic. The tombs were placed there in 1898, four hundred years after the voyage. The monastery survived the 1755 Lisbon earthquake almost intact — one of the few buildings in Belém that did.